Chronic conditions
Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats
One of the most common conditions of older cats, and one where early detection genuinely changes outcomes.
General information
Chronic kidney disease affects a large proportion of cats over twelve years old. Kidney tissue is lost gradually and irreversibly, but progression can often be slowed substantially once identified.
Symptoms
Early disease is silent. The first visible changes are usually:
- Drinking noticeably more and larger clumps in the litter tray
- Gradual weight loss over months
- Reduced appetite and nausea
- Poor coat condition and reduced grooming
- Vomiting, lethargy and bad breath in later stages
Diagnosis
Blood tests measuring creatinine and SDMA alongside urine specific gravity form the basis of diagnosis and IRIS staging. Blood pressure measurement and urine protein assessment guide treatment, because hypertension and proteinuria both accelerate progression.
SDMA can indicate kidney disease earlier than creatinine, which is why annual screening blood tests from around seven years of age are valuable.
Treatment approaches
Therapeutic renal diets have the strongest evidence for extending survival. Additional management may include phosphate binders, blood pressure medication, appetite stimulants, anti-nausea medication and attention to hydration through wet food and water fountains.
Many cats live comfortably for years after diagnosis with consistent monitoring.
References
- IRIS Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease — International Renal Interest Society