Ears and skin · Updated 2026-09-29
Ear infections in dogs (otitis)
Inflammation and infection of the ear canal — one of the most common reasons dogs visit the vet, and often recurrent without a plan.
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Signs to watch for
- Head shaking
- Scratching at ears
- Red, smelly or waxy ears
- Pain when ears are touched
- Head tilt in deeper infections
Causes and risk factors
Allergies are the most common underlying driver; ear shape, moisture, grass seeds, mites and hormonal disease also contribute.
How veterinarians diagnose it
Otoscope examination and microscopy of ear debris identify yeast, bacteria or mites; recurrent cases need the underlying cause investigated.
Treatment and management
Vet-prescribed ear cleaners and medicated drops, sometimes oral medication. Treating the allergy or cause is essential to stop recurrence.
Prevention
Dry ears after swimming, use vet-recommended maintenance cleaning for prone dogs, and manage allergies proactively.
Outlook
Individual episodes respond well, but chronic untreated otitis can permanently narrow the ear canal.
Common questions
- What are the signs of ear infections in dogs (otitis)?
- Head shaking; Scratching at ears; Red, smelly or waxy ears; Pain when ears are touched; Head tilt in deeper infections.
- What causes ear infections in dogs (otitis)?
- Allergies are the most common underlying driver; ear shape, moisture, grass seeds, mites and hormonal disease also contribute.
- How is ear infections in dogs (otitis) diagnosed?
- Otoscope examination and microscopy of ear debris identify yeast, bacteria or mites; recurrent cases need the underlying cause investigated.
- How is ear infections in dogs (otitis) treated?
- Vet-prescribed ear cleaners and medicated drops, sometimes oral medication. Treating the allergy or cause is essential to stop recurrence.
- Can ear infections in dogs (otitis) be prevented?
- Dry ears after swimming, use vet-recommended maintenance cleaning for prone dogs, and manage allergies proactively.
- When should I contact a veterinarian?
- Do not put cotton buds or home remedies into the ear canal. A head tilt, balance problems or severe pain need prompt assessment.
Preparing for a ear infections in dogs (otitis) consultation
- Record when these signs began and how they changed: Head shaking; Scratching at ears; Red, smelly or waxy ears. Record appetite, water intake, toileting and any medicines or supplements.
- The listed urgency is prompt; worsening breathing, collapse, seizures or severe pain can make any situation an emergency. Ask the clinic rather than relying only on this category.
- Ask what else could explain the signs, which tests would change the plan and how discomfort will be managed. Symptoms alone cannot confirm this condition.
- Before going home, agree what to monitor, when to recheck and which signs mean calling sooner. Follow the individual treatment plan; do not copy another pet's prescription.
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Sources on this topic
Pages on this specific subject from recognised organisations. They are cited for further reading and do not mean the organisation has reviewed this page.
- Ear Infections in Dogs (Otitis Externa) — VCA Animal Hospitals
Guidance libraries and further reading
These organisations publish relevant guidance. Their links are further reading, not evidence that they have reviewed this page.