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Musculoskeletal · Updated 2026-09-21

Canine hip dysplasia

Abnormal development of the hip joint leading to laxity, inflammation and osteoarthritis over time.

Routine veterinary attentionDogs
Veterinary examination relevant to canine hip dysplasia
Visual guide to warning signs including breathing difficulty, appetite loss, vomiting, mobility change, abnormal droppings and collapse
Changes in breathing, appetite, movement, digestion or alertness can need veterinary assessment. Collapse and breathing difficulty are emergencies.

Signs to watch for

  • Bunny-hopping gait
  • Difficulty rising
  • Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
  • Narrow hind stance
  • Reduced thigh muscle
  • Stiffness after rest

Causes and risk factors

Genetics play the largest part, amplified by rapid growth, excess weight and inappropriate early exercise.

How veterinarians diagnose it

Orthopaedic examination and positioned radiographs, often supported by formal hip scoring schemes.

Treatment and management

Weight control, structured exercise, physiotherapy, pain relief and joint support; surgery is considered for selected dogs.

Prevention

Choose breeders who hip score, keep growing dogs lean, feed an appropriate large-breed diet and avoid repetitive high-impact exercise while young.

Outlook

Many dogs stay comfortable for years with weight and pain management; severe cases may need surgical options.