Dog Grooming Basics: Brushing, Bathing and Nails

Double coats need an undercoat rake and slicker during moult and should never be shaved, because the coat insulates against heat as well as cold. Curly and wool coats need line brushing right down to the skin every day or two. Smooth coats need a rubber mitt once a week.

Most dogs need bathing every four to twelve weeks unless a vet has prescribed a medicated schedule. Use a dog shampoo — human products disrupt the skin's pH — lukewarm water, and rinse twice as long as you think necessary.

Trim nails every three to four weeks: if you hear clicking on hard floors, they are too long. Take tiny slivers to avoid the quick. Check ears weekly and clean only if debris is visible, using a veterinary ear cleaner rather than cotton buds.

Brush teeth daily with pet toothpaste. It is the single most valuable grooming habit for long-term health.

Pair every tool with food before using it. Touch a paw, treat. Clip one nail, treat, stop. Dogs that have been held down for grooming become harder to handle every year; dogs taught cooperatively get easier.